81-Dars. Some and any

Sizlar bilan 19 – va 75 – darslarda some va any ning ishlatilishini o’rgangan edik. Bu darsda yana qo’shimcha ma’lumotlar bilan tanishtirib o’taman.

• Some ni asosan darak gaplarda ishlatiladi, tarjimasi “biroz, bir qancha”:

I’m going to buy some clothes. Men bir qancha liboslar sotib olmoqchiman.

There’s some milk in the fridge. Muzlatgichda biroz sut bor.

We made some mistakes. Biz biroz xatolar qildik.

Biroq:

• biror nimani taklif qilinganda odatda some ishlatiladi (any emas).

A:  Would you like some coffee? A: Biroz qahva hohlaysanmi?

B:  Yes, please.                                B: Ha, iltimos.

• yoki biror narsani muloyimlik bilan so’ralganda:

A:  Can I have some soup, please? A: Biroz sho’rva olsam bo’ladimi, iltimos?

B:  Yes.  Help yourself.                      B: Ha. Bemalol.

• Any inkor hamda so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi:

I’m not going to buy any clothes. Men umuman kiyim sotib olmoqchi emasman.

Does he have any friends? Uning birorta do’sti bormi?

• some va any otlarsiz (otlarni gapda ikki marta takrorlamaslik uchun) ham ishlatiladi:

I didn’t take any pictures, but Jessica took some. (= some pictures)

Birorta ham rasm olmadim, ammo Jessika birqanchasini oldi. (=birqancha rasmlar)

You can have somecoffee, but I don’t want any. (= any coffee)

Siz qahvani ichishingiz mumkin, ammo men umuman hohlamayman. (= umuman qahva)

I’ve just made some coffee.  Would you like some? (= some coffee)

Men biroz qahva tayyorladim. Biroz hohlaysizmi? (= biroz qahva)

‘Where’s your luggage?’     ‘I don’t have any.’   (= any luggage)

‘Bagajing qayerda? ‘Menda umuman yo’q.’ (= umuman bagaj)

• Something (nimadir) / somebody (kimdir) (yoki someone) darak gaplarda va muloyimlik bilan so’rashda (asosan ‘Would’ bilan) so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi:

She said something. U nimadur dedi.

I saw somebody (or someone). Men kimdurni ko’rdim.

Would you like something to eat? Yeyishga birornima hohlaysizmi?

• Anything (inkor – hechnima, so’roq – nimadur) / anybody (or anyone) – (inkor – hechkim, so’roq -kimdur) so’roq hamda inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi:

She didn’t say anything. U hechnima demadi.

I didn’t see anybody (or anyone). U hechkimni ko’rmadi.

Are you doing anything tonight? Bugun kechasi biror nima qilasanmi?

Exercise 1. Some yoki anyni yozing.

Exercise 2. Gaplarni to’ldiring. Some yoki any + to’rtburchak ichidagi so’zlardan foydalaning.

Exercise 3. Gaplarni to’ldiring. Some yoki anydan foydalaning.