Relative clauses 2 ta gapni bir biriga bog’lashda, ya’ni bitta gap qilishda ishlatiladi. Bunda ma’nosi – qaysiki / -gan bo’ladi. Asosan, kimnidir yoki nimanidir aniqlashtirib berishda ishlatiladi. Rasmga qarang: Who insonlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi: Do you know the woman who works at the cinema? Kinoteatrda ishlaydigan ayolni taniysizmi? That insonlar va narsalar uchun ishlatiladi: Siz thatni […]
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If o’tgan zamon shaklida ham ishlatiladi, ammo bu o’tgan zamon emas, balki hozirgi zamondagi biror narsani o’zida bo’lishini hohlashni bildiradi. If formasi: Siz aytishingiz mumkin: If he had the money, he would buy a car. or He would buy a car if he had the money. Agar puli bo’lganda edi, u mashina sotib olgan bo’lar […]
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If shartli gaplar hisoblanadi. Unda birinchi ish-harakat sodir bo’lmaguncha ikkinchisi sodir bo’lmaydi. Bo’lish ehtimoli ko’p bo’lmagan holatlar uchun ishlatiladi va tarjimasi ‘agar … -sa..’ If gapning boshida ham, oxirida ham bo’lishi mumkin: If gapning boshida: If gapning o’rtasida: Har doim ham ‘agar’ so’zini tarjimada qo’llash shart emas, bunda -sa ni o’zidan foydalansa ham bo’ladi. Suhbatda, […]
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When bog’lovchi sifatida ham ishlatiladi. Bunda gapdagi ma’nosi ‘qachonki/…da’ bo’ladi. Agar ’when’ gapning boshida kelsa, vergul(,)ni ishlatamiz: When you’re tired, don’t drive. Charchaganingizda, mashina haydamang. Don’t drive when you’re tired. Mashina haydamang charchaganingizda. Helen was 25 when she got married. Helen 25 da edi u turmush qurganida. When Helen got married, she was 25. Helen […]
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Biz asosan, bog’lovchilardan 2 ta gapni bir-biriga bog’lash uchun ishlatamiz. Ular 2 ta qisqa gaplardan bitta uzun gapni yasaydi: and/but/or *Agar birinchi gapdagi shaxs bilan ikkinchi shaxs bitta bo’lsa, ikkinchi gapda shaxs(we,she)ni takrorlash zarur emas. Biz biror narsani sanayotganimizda vergullardan foydalanamiz. Oxirgi gapdan oldingina and qo’yiladi: Men uyga keldim, nimadir yedim, kursiga o’tirdim va uxlab […]
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Bugungi darsimizda ayrim fe’llarni 2 xil shakldagi ishlatilish usulini o’rganamiz. Bunda ma’no bir xil, usul esa boshqa bo’ladi. Buni quyidagi fe’llar bilan ko’rib chiqamiz: Ushbu fe’llar(give/lend etc.)dan so’ng, gaplarni 2 xil shaklda tuzishingiz mumkin: give something to somebody – kimgadir nimanidir bermoq give somebody something – kimgadir nimanidir bermoq Demak, yuqoridagi holatdan o’rganadiganimiz shuki, agar […]
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Still = nimadir oldingidek bir xil ya’ni o’zbek tiliga hali ham deb tarjima qilinadi. Asosan, darak gaplarda foydalaniladi. I had a lot to eat, but I’m still hungry. (= I was hungry before, and I’m hungry now) Ko’p narsa yedim, ammo hali ham ochman. (= oldin och edim, va hozir ham ochman) ‘Did you sell […]
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Bugungi darsimizda gapning yasalish tartibini o’rganamiz. Ingliz tilidagi har bir gapda avvalo ega (shaxs yoki narsa) bo’ladi. Egadan so’ng esa verb+noun ya’ni kesim+to’ldiruvchi keladi. Kesim (bought) va to’ldiruvchi (some new shoes) odatda birgalikda keladi. Biz aytamiz: Sue bought some new shoes yesterday. (not Sue bought yesterday some new shoes) Syu kecha bir qancha yangi oyoq […]
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Ingliz tilida too ishlatilishi. Too ‘judayam (haddan tashqari)’ ma’nosida kelib, me’yordan oshib ketgan narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Too dan so’ng sifat yoki ravish keladi (too big / too hard etc.): Can you turn the radio down? It’s too loud. (= louder than I want) Radioni o’chirib qo’ya olasanmi? U judayam baland. (= hohlaganimga qaraganda balandroq) I […]
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Enough – ‘yetarlicha’ degan ma’noni anglatadi, har doim otdan oldin ishlatiladi (enough money / enough people etc.): A: Is there enough milk in your coffee? B: Yes, thank you. A: Sizning qahvangizda yetarlicha sut bormi? B: Ha, rahmat. We wanted to play football, but we didn’t have enough players. Biz futbol o’ynashni hohlagandik, ammo bizda […]
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