Repetitsion TEST 8

Izoh: The paragraph discusses Aristotle's view on happiness, virtue, and the nature of human life. It highlights the idea that true happiness is achieved through living a virtuous life, suggesting a similarity in the fundamental human pursuit of happiness regardless of one's profession or lifestyle choices. Aristotle's focus on virtue as a means to attain happiness points to a universal aspect of human experience, emphasizing that individuals, regardless of their paths, should recognize the importance of living in accordance with their nature to experience true fulfillment. The mention of different professions and the contrast between material wealth and personal satisfaction further illustrates that regardless of individual circumstances, the commonality lies in the pursuit of virtue for true happiness. Therefore, the statement about Aristotle focusing on similarities resonates well with the content of the paragraph.

Izoh: The sentence "Abdulla was standing very far from you. You couldn’t see him." implies that the distance between you and Abdulla was so great that it was impossible to see him. The word "couldn’t" indicates an inability to do something, which fits perfectly in this context.

The letter 'o' in both about and now is pronounced as the open vowel sound 'a'. An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth. Example: How, stout. The letter 'o' in these two words are pronounced like the open vowel sound 'a'.

Izoh:
This response is respectful because it:

1. Acknowledges the other person's perspective: Starting with "I can see your point" shows you have considered their suggestion and value their input.
2. Politely expresses disagreement: Using "but I believe" softens the disagreement and frames it as an alternative view rather than a direct rejection.
3. Offers a constructive approach: By suggesting "a better option," you focus on improving the situation rather than dismissing the idea outright.

The other responses are either too blunt, dismissive, or lack constructive feedback, which could damage the tone of the discussion or the relationship.

Izoh: The phrase "must be seen to be lily white" means that in this business, one must appear to be morally pure or innocent. This expression comes from the use of "lily white," which connotes cleanliness, purity, and lack of wrongdoing. Being "lily white" suggests that a person has no scandal or questionable actions in their past, which is crucial in environments where trust and integrity are paramount.

Izoh: The passage emphasizes the role of parents in guiding their children's viewing habits. Scientists suggest that parents have significant control over the content their children consume, implying that they can actively decide what is appropriate for their children. By choosing shows that align with their values and discussing the content, especially when it involves violence, parents can positively influence their children's understanding of aggressive behaviors. The other options, while related to television and its content, do not encapsulate the main idea presented in the passage about parental influence and instruction regarding viewing choices.

Izoh: The excerpt discusses how scientists believe that children are influenced by the aggressive behaviors they observe on television. Given the emphasis on parental guidance in the recommendations, one of the primary suggestions is for parents to reduce the number of hours their children spend watching TV. This recommendation is directly in line with the idea that limiting screen time can help mitigate the negative impact of violent content on children's behavior and worldview. By suggesting that parents should limit their children's watching hours, the scientists are advocating for a proactive approach to shield children from potentially harmful influences, thus making it a coherent continuation of the provided information.

Izoh: In this context, "red hot" is a colloquial phrase used to describe someone who is exceptionally good at something, in this case,

Izoh: The context of the conversation indicates that A is offering to pass along a message to Mike and mentions that they will see Mike tomorrow. The phrase "I am seeing Mike tomorrow" uses the present continuous tense, which is appropriate here because it indicates a planned or arranged future event.

Transcription of the word ‘chain’ is /tʃeɪn/, here, it can be seen that ‘ch’ in the word ‘chain’ is represented as ‘tʃ’ and ‘ai’ is represented as ‘eɪ’ because the phonetic symbol ‘eɪ’ is a diphthong and used whenever there is a sound of ‘ey’, ‘ay’, or ‘ai’. For. e.g. train, say, plane, etc. Note: A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

Izoh: In this context, "black mark" is an idiomatic expression used to describe a negative record or reputation that someone has earned due to their actions. When someone makes a significant mistake or behaves poorly, it can leave a "black mark" against their name, indicating that they have done something wrong that may affect their standing or future opportunities. This phrase is commonly used in business and general contexts to convey the idea of a blemish on one's record.

Izoh: The word "too" is used to indicate that something exceeds a certain limit—in this case, the cost of flying is more than what they can afford or are willing to pay. Using "too" suggests that the expense is a negative factor that is causing them to choose an alternative mode of transportation, which is the train.

Rise /rʌɪz/, Rice /raɪs/, Raise /reɪz/, Risk /rɪsk/

Transcription of the word ‘hurt’ is /hɜ:rt/, here, it can be seen that ‘u’ in the word ‘hurt’ is represented as ‘ɜ:’ because the phonetic symbol ‘ɜ:’ is used whenever there is a sound of ‘er’, ‘ur’, or ‘ir’—E.g., bird, work, etc.

Izoh: 
The sentence refers to the workers feeling that their wages were insufficient. Here's why "low" is the best choice:

1. "Low": Refers to an amount that is insufficient or below an acceptable standard, which makes sense when describing wages.
2. "Little": While it can refer to something small in quantity, it is not typically used to describe wages in this context. For example, you wouldn't say "their wages were too little."
3. "Few": Refers to a small number of things and is used for countable nouns. Since wages are not countable in this way, "few" is incorrect.
4. "Short": While it can mean lacking or insufficient in certain contexts (e.g., "short on money"), it does not work well when directly describing wages.

Therefore, "low" is the correct and most appropriate word.

Izoh: The correct answer is "red." The phrase "like a red rag to a bull" is an idiom that means that something provokes a strong reaction or anger from someone. In this context, discussing politics with him is likely to incite a passionate or aggressive response, much like how a red flag can provoke a bull in a bullfighting scenario. The imagery of the bull being irritated or angered by the red rag illustrates the idea that certain topics can elicit intense emotions in individuals.

Izoh: "many" is used for countable nouns in plural form and is appropriate here since "students" is a countable noun. The speaker is expressing uncertainty about the number of students they are not familiar with.

Izoh: The term "absent-minded" refers to a person who is often forgetful or distracted, typically because they are preoccupied with other thoughts. This is a common characteristic associated with certain types of professors or intellectuals, who may be so engaged in their work or studies that they overlook everyday matters or forget things easily. The other options do not convey this meaning: "clear-minded" suggests someone who is mentally alert and focused, "well-minded" is not a commonly used term in this context, and "cool-minded" implies someone who remains calm and collected under pressure, which does not relate to forgetfulness.

Izoh: The phrase "had breakfast at 7" indicates that the action of eating breakfast occurred in the past, specifically at 7 AM. The use of the past tense "had" suggests that this is a completed action.The second part of the sentence, "..... home at eight," requires a verb that also refers to a completed action at a specified time in the past. The verb "left" fits perfectly here, as it denotes that they departed for home at 8 AM after having breakfast.

Izoh: 
The sentence describes the explorer's journey to the source of the river by boat. Here's why "travelled" is the best choice:

1. "Travelled": This is a general term that means to move or journey from one place to another, which fits perfectly with the idea of navigating to the river's source by boat.
2. "Drove": Refers to operating a vehicle like a car, which does not apply in the context of a boat.
3. "Rode": Refers to being transported on or in something, such as a horse, bicycle, or vehicle. While it could be used for being in a boat, it does not capture the idea of actively making a journey.
4. "Followed": Implies going after something or someone, which does not align with the idea of a journey to a specific destination (the source of the river).

Thus, "travelled" is the most accurate and appropriate word for this sentence.

Izoh: In the context of the sentence, "work out" means to calculate or solve something, particularly in relation to mathematics. The phrase suggests that the person struggled to solve or determine the answers to the questions in the maths exam.

Izoh: The sentence presents two events: the person graduating from the university and then working abroad. The use of "didn't know" suggests that both actions occurred before a certain point in time (the point at which they didn't know).The past perfect tense "had graduated" indicates that this action was completed before another action in the past. In this case, it indicates that he graduated before he worked abroad.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA): An alphabet used to accurately represent the pronunciation of languages. IPA helps in improving language pronunciation and feeling more confident speaking in the language. Phonetic Symbols: These symbols are used to describe the phonemes (sounds). It enables learners to understand and speak the language they are learning. In particular the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), each phonetic symbol is associated with a particular sound. It helps to differentiate one word from another. The correct transcription of the word 'accelerate' is /Ək’selƏreɪt /.

Izoh: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which is used to express a situation that is not real or hypothetical. The phrase "the gentlemen" is a noun phrase that refers to a group of people, and the phrase "the ladies" is another noun phrase that refers to a different group of people.The verb phrase "discuss/talk" is in the infinitive form, which is used to indicate an action that is being described as a general or abstract idea. In this case, we are describing the idea of discussing or talking about something.To form the subjunctive mood, we use the verb "were" instead of "was", because "were" is the subjunctive form of the verb "to be".

Izoh: The term "fare" specifically refers to the price of a ticket for transportation, such as a bus, taxi, or train. In the context of your question about the cost of a bus ride to the city center, "fare" is the most appropriate word because it directly relates to the amount you need to pay to use the bus service.

Izoh: In the context of the sentence, "work out" means to calculate or determine the exact amount of money owed. It suggests taking the time to figure out the details, which is appropriate in a financial context.

Izoh: This is because, as explained in the passage, when birds land on oil-covered seas, they can become trapped in the oil and die of starvation. Additionally, even if they are not trapped, they will often try to remove the oil from their feathers, which can lead to them ingesting the oil and dying from poisoning. This usually occurs within a few days. Therefore, landing on oil-covered seas is almost always fatal for the birds, either due to starvation or oil poisoning.

Izoh: The pragmatic meaning of the statement "We should consider all the alternatives before making a decision" implies that the manager values a careful and comprehensive approach to decision-making. The key points in the statement suggest:

1. "Consider all the alternatives": This emphasizes evaluating various possible options rather than rushing into a decision.
2. "Before making a decision": The manager is advocating for a deliberate and thoughtful process.

This does not indicate uncertainty about the decision (option 2), a preference for delaying the decision (option 3), or a desire for a quick decision (option 4). Instead, the focus is on thorough evaluation and ensuring all possible courses of action are examined before concluding.

Izoh: In this context, "find out" means to discover or learn information about something, which fits perfectly with the request to ascertain the time of the next train to Munich. The phrase implies an action of seeking information that is currently unknown.

Izoh: In the context of the sentence, "spare parts" refers to the additional components or items that are necessary for the car's functionality or repair. When discussing vehicles, "parts" is a common term used to denote the various mechanical or electrical components that might need to be replaced or are still required for the car to be fully operational.

Izoh: The sentence implies that the company needs to make physical changes to the factory due to increased business. Here's why "extend" is the best choice:

1. "Extend": Means to enlarge or expand the physical structure of the factory, which makes sense in this context as more space or capacity might be required to handle increased business.
2. "Increase": While it means to make something larger, it doesn't fit well with "the factory," which is a physical structure. You can't "increase a factory" in the same way you can "increase production" or "increase capacity."
3. "Broaden": Refers to widening something or expanding scope, but it isn't commonly used with physical buildings like a factory.
4. "Grow": While it means to make something bigger, it is not typically used to refer to physical structures like a factory. You can "grow a business" or "grow crops," but not "grow a factory."

Thus, "extend" is the most accurate and appropriate word for the context.

Izoh: In the context of wet fields, the most appropriate adjective to describe the condition of the ground is "muddy". Here's why:

1. "Muddy": Refers to soil that has become saturated with water, turning into mud, which is a common condition of fields in the winter when they are wet.
2. "Earthy": Refers to something that smells or feels like soil, but it does not describe wet or saturated conditions.
3. "Soiled": Means dirty or stained, but it is not typically used to describe the condition of a field.
4. "Greasy": Refers to something slick or oily, which does not fit the context of wet fields.

Therefore, "muddy" accurately describes the state of the fields being wet and difficult to walk through, requiring the farmer to wear heavy boots.

Izoh: In the context of the conversation, the phrase "We would usually ..." is indicating a habitual action that took place in the past. When describing past routines or habits, the base form of the verb (in this case, "go") is used after "would."

Izoh: In this context, the phrase "if you aren't doing nothing" is a double negative, which is often used informally to mean "if you are free" or "if you have nothing else to do." It implies that George should help if he is not occupied with other tasks.

Izoh: The sentence indicates that the person takes money from his brother to pay the bill. Here's the reasoning for each option:

1. "Borrow": Means to take something (in this case, money) from someone else with the intention of returning it later. This fits the context perfectly.
2. "Lend": Means to give something (money, in this case) to someone else. Since the person is taking money, not giving it, "lend" is incorrect here.
3. "Loan": While it can mean to give money as a loan, this word is typically used for the act of giving, not taking. Thus, it doesn't fit the sentence.
4. "Ask": While the person might "ask" for money before borrowing, the context requires a word that specifically refers to taking the money, so "ask" is not appropriate.

Therefore, "borrow" is the correct and most fitting choice.

Izoh: When you say "book a ticket in advance," it means to arrange or purchase a ticket ahead of time, before the actual date of the event or travel. This is typically done to ensure availability, often securing better prices, or to guarantee a spot, especially for popular events or modes of transportation. The use of "advance" in this context emphasizes the idea of foresight and preparation, which is crucial in planning for travel or events.

Izoh: The correct answer is "blue." In this context, "blue" is often used as a term to describe feeling sad or down. The statement expresses disappointment about not receiving any birthday cards, which can evoke feelings of loneliness or sadness, fitting the emotional tone associated with "blue." The other color options—red, white, and black—do not typically convey the same sense of sadness in this context.

Izoh: This sentence is completed based on the information provided in the passage, which states that oil spills harm not only migrating seabirds like guillemots, puffins, and razorbills, but also seals and sea lions that breed on beaches where oil washes ashore. The oil can trap and kill these animals, either directly or through ingestion of the oil as they try to clean themselves, leading to starvation or poisoning.

Izoh: In the context of the sentence, we are discussing the change in the value of a house over a thirty-year period. The word "increased" specifically indicates that the value has gone up over time, which aligns with the typical expectation in the real estate market over such a long duration.